ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract on endothelial microparticles （EMPs）-induced vascular endothelial cell senescence， and explore the possible mechanism. Method:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） were used as the research objects， and the aged model was established with 10-12 passages of replicative senescence cells. The experimental cells were divided into young group （2-4 passage cells）， aged group （10-12 passage cells）， only EMPs intervention group （extract EMPs produced by aged cells to intervene young cells） and low dose， middle dose and high dose drug intervention groups （200， 300， 400 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>）. Senescence related <italic>β</italic>-galactosidase （SA-<italic>β</italic>-gal） staining and cell cycle propidium iodide （PI） staining were used to determine cell senescence. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to screen the drug concentration. EMPs were extracted by two-step centrifugation， EMPs labeled with phycoerythrin （PE） anti-human CD31 antibody or fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC） annexin V were detected by flow cytometry， intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） were detected by 2'，7'- dichlorofluorescein diacetate （DCFDA） staining. Result:After treatment with the drug， SA-<italic>β</italic>-gal activity of the aged cells significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the S phase arrest was restored （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the number of CD31<sup>+</sup> EMPs and annexin V<sup>+</sup> EMPs secreted by aged cells decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the young group， only EMPs intervention group could induce increased SA-<italic>β</italic>-gal activity and S phase arrest in young cells （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. However， after intervention of EMPs and the drug， EMPs-mediated increase of SA-<italic>β</italic>-gal activity was significantly inhibited and S phase arrest was restored （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The increase of intracellular ROS induced by EMPs was also significantly inhibited by the drug （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract can delay the senescence of vascular endothelial cells by influencing EMPs， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of increased intracellular ROS induced by EMPs.
ABSTRACT
The application of clinical medication and basic research progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of atherosclerosis （AS） were summarized. According to the different pathogenic sites of AS， the clinical research progress of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of AS and the commonly used TCM for the treatment of AS were summarized. Astragali Radix， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix， Quinquefolium Panax， Cocos Wolf Poria， Atractylodis Rhizoma， Rosea Rhodiola， which were Yiqi herbs， were mostly used for the treatment of AS. Wallichii Ligusticum， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix， Notoginseng Radix， Paeoniae Rubra Radix， Paeoniae Alba Radix， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Semen Persicae， Tinctorius Carthamus， Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix， tea root， which were Huoxue herbs， were mostly used for the treatment of AS. Huatan herbs， including Kirilowii Maxim Trichosanthes， Pinelliae Rhizama， Acorus Tatarinowii Schott， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Cum Bile Arisaema， Silicea Bambusae Concretio， Aurantii Immaturus Fructus， Bamboo Juice， were commonly used for the treatment of AS. According to the findings， TCM for Yiqi Huoxue was mostly combined with insect medicine and rattan medicine for the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis， combined with TCM for promoting Qi， relieving pain， dissipating blood stasis and reducing phlegm for the treatment of coronary heart disease， and combined with TCM for relaxing tendons and activating collaterals， resolving phlegm to benefit orifices， and invigorating spleen to remove dampness combined for the treatment of lower extremity sclerosis. In addition， the medication time， drug combination and improvement indexes were summarized. In basic studies， the experimental progress of this kind of medicine for the treatment of AS were summed up in the aspect of reducing inflammatory reaction， improving the abnormal lipid metabolism and improving the damage of inner membrane. At present， it was found that tanshinone， total saponins of stem and leaf of Panax Quinquefolium， extract of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. Qishen Yiqi dropping pill， Huxinkang tablet， Danlou tablet， Buyang Huanwutang combined with Gualou Xiebaitang， Huazhuo Tongmai powder were the main drugs for basic research， and the animal model， model characteristics and the mechanism of action were summarized. In order to provide a reference for the rational application of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan in the treatment of AS， the application law， the mechanism and characteristics of action and the future research directions of TCM for Yiqi Huoxue Huatan were summarized and reviewed.